Tag Archives | Diesel Trucks

?Diesel Fuel and Taxation
Diesel fuel taxes are higher then other types of fuel in the Untied States. There is untaxed diesel fuel which is also known as “off road” which can be used in the United States. It is often used for tractors, RV’s or utility vehicles. The vehicles which qualify to use “off road diesel” must not use these vehicles on public roads and they must be used primarily for agricultural purposes.
Untaxed diesel fuel is allowed to go over the limits for sulphur which were established in 2007. “Off road diesel” is the color red because it has been dyed. If this fuel is found in the possession of a person that does not have rights to it, they can be levied heavy fines, up to $10,000.
“Off road diesel” fuel is also known as red diesel in parts of the world such as Belgium, the United Kingdom and the Netherlands. It is used to heat homes, refrigerated trucks and in vehicles used for farming and in boats. In Ireland, this same type of fuel is dyed green.
While the prices of diesel gas in the United States is more expensive then traditional gasoline, this is not the case everywhere. In India, the price for diesel fuel is cheaper then gasoline. It is used in most of the company’s transportation vehicles and thus are priced more cheaply. The same is true for the country of Germany. Their diesel fuel taxes are cheaper then those placed on gasoline.
As individuals are looking for alternative diesel fuel sources, biodiesel is being discussed more and more. Biodiesel taxes in the United States differ greatly depending on the state. In the state of Texas, biodiesel is not taxed at all and the taxes are lower on biodiesel fuels that use blends. Other states do indeed tax biodiesel.
A big factor in the price of diesel fuel is taxation. Fuel, both diesel and gasoline is taxed by numerous sources. This includes the state and federal excise taxes. Some state’s taxes are a lot higher then others. For example, the average state excise tax for biodiesel fuel is around $.22 cents. In Washington state, this figure is $.34. This has a big effect at the pump.
Not all diesel fuel is taxed. Off road diesel is not taxed. Off road diesel fuel is used for farming equipment, recreational vehicles and other vehicles which are not used on public roads. This fuel is typically made red with dye. If an individual is found with off road diesel in their possession unlawfully, they can be heavily fined. In some states in the U.S. biodiesel is not taxed at all. In other states it is.
Red diesel is not just used in the United States but in other countries around the world. In the United Kingdom they use it to heat homes, as fuel in refrigerated trucks and in farming equipment and boats. In India, this type of fuel is used a great deal in their transportation vehicles and is cheaper as not to financially overburden companies or the government.

Suppose U Drive was established in 1936 and ever since then, has been a solution to the business community in South California. The main lines of business they expose are truck rentals, truck leasing, truck maintenance and finally truck sales in Los Angeles and with two fully operational branches in Glendale and Norwalk, California. Trucks are available for both rental and leasing. The difference is that the rental of trucks could be a single delivery while leasing goes for a longer period of time.

Commercial Truck Rentals

There are times when business trends change and in this case, it changes upwards. For businesses that deal with transportation they are at times at the peak and do not have enough trucks to make their deliveries. In such cases, they will opt for rental trucks to ensure they carry out their businesses efficiently. Companies like the Suppose U Drive have sufficient trucks, that they offer on a rental basis and one can hire, carry out your business without a hitch.

Another occasion where one would consider hiring trucks is when their own truck breaks down. This is a normal and almost regular occurrence in the transportation industry. When such occurs, renting trucks is usually a worthwhile solution.

Some business concerns are engaged in seasonal business or deliveries that are there for season only. Such businesses will present a situation where it is prudent for the business to invest in capital goods like trucks. The money invested would be idle for a long period of time. If this is the case, using rental trucks would be a wise option. The money that would have been invested in purchasing the trucks will only lie idle for a long time, can be used as a working capital.

Truck leasing

Transportation needs for business concerns differ from one business to another and there is no fixed rule on how to go about the solutions for a particular situation. Based on the benefits of leasing over those of owning trucks, one is able to make a decision on how to go about a particular situation. Some of the benefits are here below:

Leasing free capital – if you lease trucks a good amount of your working capital will be left free for investing elsewhere.
Staffing and personnel issues – when you own trucks you will need personnel to manage and that means more recurring expenses in their emoluments. This need does not arise when leased trucks are used.

Accurate budget projection – if you lease trucks, you can always do an accurate budget estimate as unforeseen expenses on repairs of trucks, do not arise.

Administrative costs – when you lease trucks you avoid administrative expenses like those on repairs, licenses and permits. These are taken care of by the leaser.

Other benefits are those relating government monitoring expenses, which are increasingly noticeable in the recent past, and the tax implication on trucks as a depreciation policy takes effect.

About the Author:
Suppose U Drive founded in 1936, was the creation of the pioneering spirit of Edwin E. Johnston & his wife Mildred, when they personally transported three Dodge trucks from Detroit to Los Angeles to start a truck rental and truck leasing company. They are now a well renowned name in commercial truck rentals Los Angeles and diesel box truck rental Glendale.

?Diesel Fuel Filters
Diesel fuel filters can help protect your fuel injectors from damaging contaminants. Using a quality diesel fuel filter can just about double the life of your fuel pump and injector. Very good filters will remove the vast majority of particles which can damage your fuel pumps and injectors. It is a good idea to make the investment in top notch diesel fuel filters. It will save you money and trouble in the long run. Filters help to protect your vehicle’s fuel injectors and pumps.
Many vehicles that use diesel fuel find that fuel filters which are inconsistent can become troublesome. The longevity of a fuel filter will be influenced by the oxidative and thermal stability of the fuel that is being used and filtered. Some diesel fuels will create a substance that is similar to tar when it gets heated up. This type of fuel will plug up the filters more easily then fuels which don’t produce such substances.
Additives have been used for a long time to help keep the fuel system clean and to increase fuel stability. Fuel additives can help filters last longer by helping to keep the fuel clean. Studies have shown that the use of additives significantly increase the life of diesel fuel filters.
When choosing a fuel filter, it is important to know what its’ capacity is. Capacity is how much a particular filter can retain at a rated flow and its’ given restriction point. It is measured in grams.
A primary fuel filter protects the transfer pump. It also helps to lightens the load of a secondary fuel filter when needed. It is placed on the suction side of the fuel pump. Most primary fuel diesel filters come with a nominal rating of ten to thirty microns.
Secondary fuel filters are placed between the injectors and the transfer pump. They help to protect the fuel injectors. Secondary filters have to handle more pressure then primary filters. They typically have ratings of two to ten microns.
Diesel fuel filters help to protect the diesel engine’s injectors and pumps. They have a very important job to do, so it is vital that diesel engine owners pick quality diesel fuel filters. This is a place to skimp on. Spending money well here will help you protect your larger investment, which is your engine. One noted problem with fuel filters is that has been hard to predict how long they will last.
One way to increase the life of a diesel fuel filter is to use an additive. Additives help to keep the fuel cleaner which makes the job of diesel fuel filters much easier. Because the fuel is cleaner, the filters do not have to filter so much gunk, which increases their longevity. All vehicles should come with filters. However, when it is time to get them replaced, make sure that you choose a good filter. They only require a small investment, they are not expensive. However, they can make a world of difference for your vehicle.

?Are Diesel Engines More Efficient?
When many people think of diesel engines, they think of huge semi-trucks and huge gas prices. However, diesel engines can be very efficient. An increasing number of high-end vehicles are creating their cars to run on diesel fuel. Mercedes and Jetta are two companies that have done so.
Vehicles with diesel engines tend to have increased fuel efficiency. In fact, many of the are on par to smaller cars when it comes to gas mileage. Diesel engines are able to burn fuel at increased temperatures, higher then traditional gas engines. This helps the engine become more fuel efficient. The more efficient the fuel is, the greater it lasts. Drivers will be able to drive longer or less fuel. As gas prices, including diesel fuel, continue to rise, the more miles a car can run, the money that has to be spent on fuel.
Diesel is also more dense then regular gas. It takes a lower amount of fuel to achieve the same power as traditional gasoline. This greatly increases the efficiency of diesel fuel which makes it an attractive alternate to regular gasoline.
Even with all of these benefits, diesel engines have not become especially popular in the United States. For one thing, prices for diesel fuel are higher then regular gasoline. Also, not every fueling station has a diesel pump, although more and more then are popping up. Diesel engine vehicles may also get a bad rap from problems associated with earlier models, namely that they were loud and gave off a lot of soot. Technology has sensed remedied a great deal of these problems. Diesel engines which are manufactured today are quite, burns clean and not much soot is anywhere to be found. Also today, only clean diesel fuel is used in the United States.
While diesel fuel is more expensive then regular fuel, there are some real advantages. Diesel fuel burns clean and is more efficient then regular gasoline. However, the high prices of diesel fuel make purchasing a diesel engine car less attractive. There are diesel engine alternatives that can make fuel cheaper. Biodiesel is one of those options.
Because diesel fuel is more dense then regular gasoline, it takes less of it to achieve the same power. This accounts for its’ better fuel efficiency. However a major disadvantage to using diesel fuel lately is that it is more expensive.
It will cost more to purchase diesel fuel. For many people, with gas prices already being so high, the idea of purchasing a car that runs on diesel is unappealing. This was not always the case. Diesel, historically was cheaper then gasoline. It has only been the last few years where diesel costs have eclipsed those of gas.
Individuals that already have diesel engines may be looking for alternatives to decrease their costs. Biodiesel is one of the options that is receiving increased consideration. Biodiesel uses cooking oils to fuel diesel engines. These oils can be gathered free from restaurants or include left over oil that a person has used themselves. Because the materials to create biodiesel can be had cheaply, it is becoming an attractive option for more and more individuals.

Are you looking to increase gas mileage on your car, truck, or van?

These 3 easy ways to increase gas mileage will really make a difference with your vehicle. You will see the difference yourself unless you already do them, then your vehicle won’t drop at all unless you drive thousands of miles on your vehicle.

Whether you drive a five mile per gallon truck, or a gas saving little car, you’ll want to take care of it to save you money and keep the gas mileage as high as you can. You don’t have to do a regular wash and wax to your car. New fuel filters and oil filters will help your miles per gallon substantially.
Let’s talk about some specific ways you can increase gas mileage:

Take the time to get regular maintenance work done by a qualified mechanic or learn to do it yourself. It’s not difficult to do, and you can find all kinds of DIY articles online. The first time you do it, it may take a while but as you do it on a regular basis, you’ll get quicker.

The drive line of your vehicle is another point of how to increase gas mileage. This is not just your good tires at a good inflation, although that will help as well, but it also means that your bearings and brakes are in good shape. Bad brakes and worn barrings will make your engine work harder, which will use up more of your gas. Looking online will teach you all you need to know to fix this problem yourself.

You may think that money can be a problem when fixing your car, but online research will help this situation as well. In today’s economy, saving every penny can help, and a gas guzzling car will not help this situation.

Another tip you may not have known about how to increase gas mileage, is that fuel quality is important when it comes to fuel economy. Many gas stations are selling poor gas at a cheaper price. In cold weather, if you are using this cheap gas, you may have noticed your vehicle doesn’t start as easy. Good quality of fuel is important for your gas mileage. If you are using these 3 easy ways to increase gas mileage, your car will be in great shape and ready to get on the road.

Review of ways to increase gas mileage:

About the Author:
Get the ultimate low down on 3 easy ways to <a target=”_new” href=”http://fuelinfusion.com/&quot;>increase gas mileage</a> now in our complete guide to all you need to know about how to <a target=”_new” href=”http://fuelinfusion.com/2011/01/increase-gas-mileage/&quot;>improve gas mileage</a>.

?Alternatives to Diesel Fuel
Biodiesel fuel involves the process of taking various kinds of oil and converting it into an alternative fuel. Biodiesel can be purchased or it can be made. Some countries have already updated their vehicle warranties so that it covers the use of biodiesel fuels. Not all biodiesel fuels are covered however. Rapeseed methyl esters are usually covered but fuels such as soy biodiesel often are not covered. These countries have recognized biodiesel as a legitimate fuel source. In fact, many gas stations have begun to sell biodiesel in countries such as Germany.
Biodiesel is cheaper then it’s diesel fuel counterpart. While it is yet to reach the states, it is expected to hit our shores fairly soon. However, it is believed that biodiesel fuel will cost more then simple diesel fuel in the United States, perhaps to discourage it’s use.
The good news is that biodiesel can be used in any car or truck that uses diesel fuel. Even better news is that biodiesel can be made from scratch. You don’t have to buy out and thus can save a ton of money. There are plenty of great recipes that can be found on the web which will allow people to make quality-grade biodiesel. However, it is important that one finds a legitimate recipe which includes safety precaution.
Creating biodiesel can be dangerous if the directions are not followed properly. In fact, it can even cause death. There have not been many document cases of grave or serious injury but the potential is there for it to take place. Millions of people make biodiesel everyday without any problems.
Biodiesel uses many household ingredients. In fact, a great deal of materials can be found at the grocery store. Ingredients such as lye (drain cleaner) and methanol (stove fuel). As you can see, while at first glance, these ingredients may be intimidating, there is no reason for them to be since many of us use them everyday, we just do not know it.
While diesel fuel has many positive attributes, it is more expensive then regular gasoline. For this reason many individuals are looking for alternative fuel sources. Biodiesel fuel is one of the most popular alternative choices. This is partly because individuals can make it themselves and use cheap ingredients such as vegetable oil. The price for biodiesel processors will differ. It is a good idea to look around online and do some comparison shopping.
To make biodiesel correctly, it is important that a person understands what they are doing. They must find a good recipe and then follow it to the letter. While many of the ingredients are those that are commonly used in households, if a person is not cautious, they can be hurt. There are many great biodiesel plans online.
Machinery is not required if you are going to make it in small batches. However, if a person gets really good at creating biodiesel, they may want to make a profit by selling it to others. In this case, a processor may be needed. Individuals can build their own or purchase one online.

There are always different tools and factors that can be added to a car or truck to make it run better as well as last longer. Those who are familiar with the EGR delete kit probably own a vehicle that demands diesel in order to run as effectively as possible. Take some time to learn about these systems as well as how to go about buying an actual kit to get started.

First of all, this is the type of kit that is going to be very easy to install. Those who are familiar with cars and working on engines should not have any issues whatsoever. Be sure to read over all instructions that come included to to get the job done right the first time.

The engine is going to start running a whole lot better after the EGR delete kit has been installed. Of course, if the kit is not put in the right way, the owner of the car is going to be able to hear it as well as feel it when they drive. There is nothing wrong with getting professional installation so make sure to keep that in mind as a real option.

Once the kit has been installed, the life of the vehicle is going to be a lot longer. This is great for the vehicles that are more than 10 years old and might be on their last leg. Be sure to get this in immediately and test it out to ensure that it is working. After that, there really is nothing to worry about, the vehicle could last for another 10 years.

To get the very best price for this particular product, be sure to take a look around online. There seem to be many different retailers that can help to provide the right system as well as offer installation tips. Once the order is placed, the rest is going to be very easy.

The EGR delete kit is a great tool to have on hand at all times. Those who need to make sure that their vehicle is up and running at all times will need to utilize the kit as soon as possible. Shop around online and make sure to check into the professional installation help offered.

About the Author:
MKM Customs aims to deliver the highest quality car and truck parts, including an EGR delete kit, with the best customer service. (http://www.mkmcustoms.com/egrdeletekits.aspx)

Development
See also: Economy of Iran
The 6 development phases of Iran automotive industry:
1. Assembly
1969 1989
2. Spare Parts Industry Development
1990 Present
3. Auto Design
1975 Present
4. Mass Production
1975 Present
5. Establishing Export Bases
2006 Present
6. Mass Auto Export
2008 Present
Market and domestic production
See also: Demography of Iran
Runna is the third Iran-made car. Features include airbags, antilock brakes, power steering and power windows.
In 2008, IDRO reported that SAIPA accounts for 54 percent and Iran Khodro for 46 percent of the output. Although carmakers are listed on the stock exchange, the government still owns about 40 percent of both companies. Car production in Iran has increased 445% between 1998-2008.
The other car manufacturers, such as the Bahman Group, Kerman Motors, Kish Khodro, Raniran, Traktorsazi, Shahab Khodro, and others together produced only 6%. These automakers produce a wide range of automobiles including motorbikes, passenger cars, vans, mini trucks, medium sized trucks, heavy duty trucks, minibuses, large size buses and other heavy automobiles used in commercial and private activities in the country. Iran Khodro Diesel has a dominant market share (+70%) in bus, truck and van production.
Iran with having a fleet of 7 million passenger cars, buses and trucks ranked the world 16th biggest automaker (largest in the Middle East) with production above 1 million units in 2006 (1.3 million in 2009), resulting in almost 1.5 percent of total world production of vehicles. Sixty percent of passenger cars produced in 2008 will use natural gas as fuel or will be dual-fuel, and the remaining 40 percent will run on regular gasoline (2008). Some problems faced by the industry are slow deliveries of cars, lack of after sales services and low quality in the production of some cars.
Samand’s Iran-made engine “L3”
More than half of the vehicles in Iran are over 25 years old (2007). The government has sought to upgrade the local fleet and the authorities aim to pull some 200,000 outmoded vehicles off the road each year, underpinning demand. Auto manufacturing industry’s share in gross national product is two percent and Iran’s auto production rate in the global markets is 1.7 percent (2008).
Exports
In 2007 Irans car exports stood at around $500 million. Iran car exports are projected to reach $1 billion by March 2009. Overall production is expected to rise to 1.13 million units by 2012 ($200 million in exports expected by 2010) and 60,000 units exported by 2013. ISACO Kish (IKCO after Sales Services and Spare Parts Export Co) is one of Iran’s best exporters according to IDRO.
Auto parts
See also: Science and technology in Iran
Sazegostar and Sapco, are the respective purchasing arms of Iran Khodro and Saipa (the two largest Iranian auto manufacturers). The Iranian automotive parts industry consists of approximately 1200 companies (15,000 factories), which include those affiliated to vehicle manufacturers as well as independent firms. The industry consists of two primary sectors: Original Equipment Manufacturing (OEM) suppliers, which produce parts for auto makers, and After-Market Parts Manufacturers (AMPM), which produce replacement parts for vehicles. Over 39 countries purchase Iranian auto parts (2008).
Foreign direct investment and imports
See also: Foreign Direct Investment in Iran
Mercedes-Benz E Class is produced in Iran by Iran Khodro
There are over 25 automakers in Iran, actively producing both light and heavy vehicles. These automakers are in joint venture with several popular international automakers such as Peugeot, Citroen (France), Volkswagen (Germany), Nissan (Japan), Toyota (Japan), Kia Motors (South Korea), Proton (Malaysia), Chery (China) and many other established producers of light and heavy vehicles such as Renault (France), B.M.W, Mercedes Benz (Germany) and Daewoo and Hyundai (South Korea) have emerged since 1991. Italian carmaker Fiat has also announced of plans to begin production of its Siena sedan in Iran in 2008.
Chery Automobile (China) in August 2007 entered into a US$370m joint venture with Iran Khodro, Iran to produce cars for the Middle East. Chery Automobile is to hold 30% of the venture, and Khodro will hold 49%. Solitac, a Canadian designer of car-parts, is to hold the remaining 21% of the venture. The factory will be in the Iranian city of Babol. Anhui Ankai Automobile (also of China) signed a deal in January 2008 with ARG-Diesel Iran to supply it with 600 buses, valued at 51.35m. The deal is to be complete by October 2008.
Iran annually needs some 4,000 buses for its domestic transportation. Since the 1970s, Iran has been producing a number of different buses, such as German Mercedes and Mann as well as Swedish Scania and Volvo that it has exported throughout the Middle East. Daewoo Bus Corp. and an Iranian automaker Ardebil Sabalan Khodrow-Maywan have teamed up to build buses in Iran. The plant, which is slated to be completed by March 2010, would have a production capacity of 2,000 buses per year and would produce some 800 city and intercity buses in the 18 months after its inauguration. Based on the agreement, the engines and gearboxes would be manufactured in South Korea. But production would increasingly shift to Iran, where about 60 percent of the parts would be made.
Imports
See also: Labor and tax laws in Iran#Tariff rates
Car imports have risen, from $184 million in 2002 to $1.5 billion in 2007. In 2006, the government lowered the automotive import tariff levels to 90 percent for light weight vehicles and since then a huge influx of imported vehicles has been witnessed in the country. The tariff level for import of heavy vehicles is even lower at 20 percent, due to low levels of local production and high demand. As a result, a variety of automotive brands are being presently imported into Iran including Toyota, BMW, Mercedes Benz (these three being the expensive and/or luxury brands), Rover, Ssangyong, Audi, Subaru, Volkswagen, Renault Leon, Altea variety of heavy vehicles, construction and mining equipment from leading manufacturers such as Mercedes Benz, Renault, Iveco, Mann, Kamaz, Caterpillar.
Fuel rationing
Main articles: 2007 Gas Rationing Plan in Iran and Environmental issues in Iran
Demand is supported by the fixing of fuel prices well below market levels. Regular petrol in Iran costs IR800/litre (9 US cents/litre) and premium grade petrol IR1,100. The nation’s abundant oil reserves have enabled the government to keep prices low (Iran is the second-largest exporter in OPEC). However, low prices have encouraged wasteful consumption and the smuggling of petrol into neighbouring countries such as Turkey, Pakistan and Afghanistan. Some 1.8 billion liters of oil products worth 10 trillion rials ($1 billion) are smuggled out of Iran per annum.
Given Iran’s limited refining capacity, there has been a shortfall in petroleum products in recent years, requiring Iran to import an estimated 100,000 barrels/day in 2006/07. As a result, there is a recognition among many policymakers of the need to raise prices, and gradual increases have been implemented. However, these have tended to lag the prevailing rate of inflation, and given that raising petrol prices is politically difficult the provision of cheap fuel is likely to persist in the medium term, encouraging the purchase of vehicles. The government was nevertheless forced to take action in June 2007 when it announced both a petrol increase to 12 cents/litre and the imposition of fuel rationing, much to the chagrin of vehicle owners. The policy, which allocates 120 litres maximum per month (following revisions in December) to private car owners, will run until end-2008/09.
Perspective
See also: Iranian Economic Reform Plan
Iran Automotive Forecast (Source: EIU)
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
New passenger car registrations (‘000)
1,294
1,447
1,563
1,669
1,806
1,962
Stock of passenger cars (per 1,000 population)
94
107
119
133
146
159
Like other sectors, the automotive industry is suffering from a lack of foreign direct investment (FDI) and capital imports. The privatization process is moving extremely slowly (2008). International sanctions, high inflation, exacerbated by fuel price hikes, and dampened consumer demand have depressed growth in the passenger car segment, but industrial growth coupled with infrastructural development is spurring demand in the commercial vehicles segment. Iranian automotive market will contract in the 2008/09 Iranian year (running from 20 March) and that annual domestic sales are unlikely to exceed 1mn units over the next five years.
List of cars produced and assembled in Iran
Iran Khodro
Runna
Samand
Soren
Sarir
Peugeot 405
Peugeot Pars
Peugeot 206
Peugeot ROA
Peugeot 206 SD
Logan
Suzuki Grand Vitara
Mercedes-Benz W211
Iran Khodro Diesel
Saipa
Miniator
SAIPA 141
Saba
Nasim (car)
Nasim Safari
Kia Rio
Citroen Xantia
Citroen C5
SAIPA Diesel
Pars Khodro
Nissan Maxima
Nissan Xterra
Dacia Logan
Renault Megane
Zamyad
Shahab Khodro
Morattab
Pazhan
Musso
SsangYong Korando
Rakhsh Khodro Diesel
Kamaz 5360
Kamaz 53605
Kamaz 5460
Kamaz 6520
Kamaz 6460
JAC 1040
JAC 1063
JAC 1083
Rain Khodrosazan
Hyundai Avante
Hyundai Verna
Hyundai Sonata
MVM
MVM 110
Kerman Khodro
Volkswagen Gol
Volkswagen Eurovan
Raniaran
Bahman Group
Mazda 323
Mazda 3
Khodro Sazan Kerman
Kish Khodro
Sinad
Zagross Khodro
Proton Wira
Proton Gen-2
Proton Impian
See also
Economy of Iran
List of Iranian companies
Lists of automobiles
Privatization in Iran
Transport in Iran
2007 Gas Rationing Plan in Iran
References
^ http://www.atiehbahar.com/Resource.aspx?n=1000042
^ SAPCO: Iran Automotive Industry Market Shares (September 2001) Retrieved November 14, 2008
^ a b c d e f g h “Iran Automotive Forecast”, Economist Intelligence Unit, August 18, 2008 
^ http://web.archive.org/web/20080617154335/http://www.atiehbahar.com/Resources/Automotive.htm
^ http://www.digitaljournal.com/article/259354
^ http://www.payvand.com/news/08/apr/1101.html
^ http://www.payvand.com/news/08/oct/1227.html
^ http://www.iran-daily.com/1387/3267/html/economy.htm
^ http://www.iran-daily.com/1387/3281/html/economy.htm
^ a b http://www.atiehbahar.com/Resource.aspx?n=1000042
^ Iran Daily – Domestic Economy – 06/12/07
^ Iran Daily – Domestic Economy – 06/15/08
^ http://iran-daily.com/1386/2865/html/economy.htm
^ http://www2.irna.ir/en/news/view/menu-234/0811250265191822.htm
^ http://www.iran-daily.com/1387/3317/html/economy.htm
^ Payvand:Iran car exports projected to reach $1b by March Retrieved October 24, 2008
^ http://www.companiesandmarkets.com/Summary-Market-Report/Iran-Autos-Report-Q4-2008-52871.asp
^ http://www.iran-daily.com/1388/3479/html/economy.htm
^ http://www.presstv.com/detail.aspx?id=112730&sectionid=351020102
^ http://www.atiehbahar.com/Resources/Automotive.htm
^ http://www.iran-daily.com/1387/3287/html/economy.htm#s349554
^ http://iran-daily.com/1386/2865/html/economy.htm
^ http://www.atiehbahar.com/Resources/Automotive.htm
^ a b http://www.companiesandmarkets.com/Summary-Market-Report/Iran-Autos-Report-Q4-2008-52871.asp
^ a b “COUNTRY BRIEFING: Iran”, Licensing and intellectual property, Economist Intelligence Unit, 19 Mar 2008 
^ http://www.forbes.com/feeds/ap/2009/04/30/ap6360229.html
^ http://www.forbes.com/feeds/ap/2009/04/30/ap6360229.html
^ Payvand:Iran car exports projected to reach $1b by March Retrieved October 24, 2008
^ http://iran-daily.com/1386/2865/html/economy.htm
^ http://iran-daily.com/1386/2865/html/economy.htm
^ http://www.iran-daily.com/1385/2597/pdf/i3.pdf
External links
Iranian automobile industry – Brief study (2008) – Market share and production level by manufacturers, type of vehicle (cars, 4WDs, buses or trucks)
Iranian automobile industry – Brief study (2003)
Iran Auto, 69-page report, 2008
Cars produced in Iran (pictures)
Categories: Science and technology in Iran | Iran-related lists | Cars of Iran | Economy of Iran | Lists of automobiles | Automotive industry by country

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VK45DE
VK45DE
The 4.5 L (4494 cc) VK45DE was introduced in 2002 and is built in Yokohama, Japan. Bore is 93 mm (3.7 in) and stroke is 82.7 mm (3.26 in). Output is 340 hp (254 kW) at 6400 rpm with 333 ftlbf (451 Nm) of torque at 4000 rpm. Redline is at 6600 rpm. It has an aluminum engine block and aluminum DOHC cylinder heads. It uses SFI fuel injection, has 4 valves per cylinder with VVT and features forged steel connecting rods, 4 one-piece cast camshafts, and an unusual variable-flow induction system optimizes airflow for low- and high-speed operation and low-friction molybdenum-coated pistons and microfinished crankshaft.
Motorsport
The VK45DE is used by Nismo for Super GT races with the Nissan GT-R instead of using the GT-R’s VR38DETT twin-turbo V6 engine. The VK45DE was previously used in Nissan’s 350Z Super GT car, replacing the previous VQ30DETT used in that car in 2007. In race trim, the Super GT VK45DE produces 500 PS (490 hp) and 52 kgm (380 ftlbf) of torque. The engine idles at around 3500 RPM and is restricted to the above specified power output. Without such restrictions, the engine is reputedly capable of producing nearly 800 PS (790 hp). Nismo reasons that by using the engine, they eliminate turbo-lag, save weight and generally prefer the torque curve of the atmospheric V8.
This engine is used in the following vehicles:
20022006 Infiniti Q45, 340 hp (250 kW)
20032008 Infiniti FX45, 315 hp (235 kW) and 446 Nm (329 ftlbf)
20032004 Infiniti M45, 340 hp (250 kW) and 451 Nm (333 ftlbf)
2006resent Infiniti M45, 325 hp (242 kW) and 461 Nm (340 ftlbf)
2004resent Nissan Fuga 450 GT, 333 hp (248 kW) and 461 Nm (340 ftlbf)
2003-present Nissan President 280 PS (280 bhp) and 451 Nm (333 ftlbf)
2007 Super GT Nissan 350Z, 490 hp (370 kW) and 52 kgm (510 Nm; 380 ftlbf)
2008 Super GT Nissan GT-R, 490 hp (370 kW) and 52 kgm (510 Nm; 380 ftlbf)
VK45DD
The VK45DD is the same as the VK45DE but adds an direct injection fuel system. This was Nissans first V8 with direct injection. It produces (officially) 280 PS (206 kW; 276 hp) @6000 rpm and 451 Nm (333 ftlbf) @3600 rpm. But it has unofficially over 300 PS (221 kW; 296 hp). It has a compression ratio of 11.0.
It was used in the following:
2001resent Nissan Cima
VK50VE
The VK50VE is a 5.0 L V8 engine with 390 hp @6500 rpm and 500 Nm @4400 rpm and redline is at 6800 rpm. Bore x stroke (mm) are 95.5 x 87.7 and compression ratio is 10.9:1. It has Nissans VVEL technology.
Applications:
2009- Infiniti FX
http://nissan.iconicweb.com/assets/specs/2009_FX_Specs_NNA_Final.pdf
VK56DE
The VK56DE is a 5.6 L (5552 cc) version built in Decherd, TN. Bore is 98 mm (3.9 in) and stroke is 92 mm (3.6 in). Output is 317 hp – 320 hp (227 kW) at 4900 rpm with 375 to 390 ftlbf (509-522 Nm) of torque at 3600 rpm. It has aluminum-alloy block and heads and low-friction molybdenum-coated pistons. The valvetrain is a dual overhead cam (DOHC). It has 4 valves per cylinder with micro-finished camshafts and ductile iron cylinder liners for increased durability.
Motorsport
Nismo also uses the VK56DE for FIA GT1 racing. In race trim, it produces 600 horsepower and 479 pound-feet of torque.
Applications:
2004resent Nissan Armada, 317 hp (236 kW)
2004resent Nissan Titan, 317 hp (236 kW)
2004resent Infiniti QX56, 320 hp (240 kW)
2008resent Nissan Pathfinder, 310 hp (230 kW)
2009 Nissan GT-R GT1, 600 hp (450 kW)
Note: the Titan numbers are for 87 octane fuel. The 320 hp (240 kW) number for the Infiniti was using premium (91 octane) fuel. Using 91 octane fuel equalized the hp number.
VK56VD
The VK56VD is a 5.6 L (5552 cc) 32-valve, DOHC, Direct Injection Gasoline (DIG) aluminum-alloy V8 and features Nissan’s advanced VVEL (Varible Valve Event & Lift System). The new DIG direct injection system provides better wide-open throttle performance and improved fuel economy and emissions performance by reducing engine knock, improving combustion stability and offered more precise injection control. In the Infiniti M56, it is rated at 420 hp (310 kW) and 417 ftlbf (565 Nm) of torque.
Applications:
2010-present Nissan Patrol, 400 hp (300 kW) and 413 ftlbf (560 Nm)
2011-present Infiniti M56, 420 hp (310 kW) and 417 ftlbf (565 Nm)
References
^ “Autocar article about the Super GT Nissan GT-R”. http://www.autocar.co.uk/News/NewsArticle/Nissan-GT-R/230696/. 
^ “NISMO Japan’s Super GT GT-R spec sheet in Japanese”. http://www.nismo.co.jp/motorsports/race/SUPERGT2008/specifcation.html. 
^ “YouTube video of NISMO engineer interview regarding the Super GT Nissan GT-R”. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yaowvWwD-Rs. 
^ http://www.topgear.com/uk/car-news/nissan-gtr-gt1-2009-04-08
See also
List of Nissan engines
v  d  e
Nissan Motor Company
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Engines
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A  BD  C  CA  CD  CG  CR  D  E  FJ  G  GA  H  HR  J  KA  L  LD  MA  MR  NA  QD  QG  QR  SD  SR  TD  YD  Z  ZD
Straight-6
FD  H  L  LD  P  S20  RB  RD  SD  TB  TD
V6
VE  VG  VQ  VR
V8
VH  VK  Y
Tuners
Autech  Impul  Nismo
See also
Datsun  Infiniti (division)  Prince  Premium Factory   UD Nissan Diesel  VVL  VVEL  dCi
Categories: Nissan engines

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A lot of you may remember a few years ago, BBCs top motoring show Top Gear put a Toyota pickup truck through hell and back, blowing it up a few times to test its robustness, reliability and integrity. These extreme tests and the fact that over six million units were sold helped Toyota establish the Toyota Land Cruiser as one of the best 4×4 vehicles on the market.

Sales of both the Toyota Land Cruiser and Toyota Land Cruiser V8 are up 77% and 120% respectively over the same period from the previous year. This growth could be down to the extreme weather we have been experiencing or as Toyota will tell you people just want to own the most robust 4×4 available.

In the UK, the Toyota Land Cruiser is available in three model grades, all use a 3.0-litre D-4D diesel engine mated to a 5-speed automatic transmission and provides user-friendly advanced technologies for handling, safety and driver guidance. This includes Multi-Terrain Select system, Crawl Control and Multi-Terrain Monitors.

The Toyota Land Cruiser V8, uses Toyota’s most powerful diesel engine, the 4.5-litre D-4D providing 282bhp and 650Nm of torque, through a six-speed automatic transmission that has sequential manual gear change. The big pickup is only available in one luxury specification; features include multi terrain ABS optimising brake control to suit driving conditions, the world’s first 4-wheel Active height Control and Adaptive Variable Suspension.

For customer reassurance both vehicles have the ability to seat seven and are covered by a comprehensive manufacturer 5 year, 100,000 mile warranty. Toyota have been trying to rebuild their reputation after the recalls saga, you can get hold of a very reliable and efficient used Toyota Avensis in Dorset for relatively cheap.

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Businesses in marketing, publicity toilet are all water-saving time this slogan in the first place, water-saving toilet brands are dazzling. Effects of various water saving toilet is also a propaganda than a well, the toilet from 6 liters to 5 liters, 4 liters, and even appeared in 2.7 liters of water saving toilet. This broad range of brands, a wide variety of phenomena so that many consumers find help loving mind. Although many consumers are using water-saving toilets under the national standard, but also to purchase water-saving awareness of the toilet, but their concept of water-saving toilet is not very clear on the type of toilet, do not understand the difference.

HC Building Network In promoting conservation of resources today, remains a serious waste of water resources, including waste water and waste water accounts for the major part of the city. However, as people Environmental protection Gradually increase awareness, many people buy toilet, they are taken into account the issue of water conservation. Currently, ceramic sanitary ware manufacturer in China have played the "water" brand launched a variety of water-saving products, but the market can achieve an array of water-saving toilet water saving performance? People's understanding of water-saving toilets and how many?

Reporters found that businesses in marketing, publicity toilet are all water-saving time this slogan in the first place, water-saving toilet brands are dazzling. Effects of various water-saving toilet is also a propaganda than a well, the toilet from 6 liters to 5 liters, 4 liters, but even a 2.7 liter water-saving toilets. This broad range of brands, a wide variety of phenomena so that many consumers find help loving mind. Although many consumers are using water-saving toilets under the national standard, but also to purchase water-saving awareness of the toilet, but their concept of water-saving toilet is not clear on the type of toilet, do not understand the difference.

What kind of toilet is a water-saving it? China Quality Certification Center High Project Master Yin Jian, told reporters in ensuring health requirements, functions and sewer transmission capacity of the condition, without leakage, a flush is not more than 6 liters of water is the water-saving toilet toilet. By supporting the use of toilet and water tank and its accessories, Pipe , Pipe , Interface and installation of construction technical component, the water consumption per wash cycle, not more than 6 liters, which can trap dirt washed from the toilet, into the gravity drainage system of the product system is a water-saving toilet system

Water-saving toilets have to go through a number of products which test it? Yin Jian, said first washing effect, in total not more than 6 liters flush water conditions, should meet the following requirements: solid emissions using polypropylene ball, three times the average number of washing through the ball not less than 85 ; after each wash, using ink line method, the cumulative total residual ink marks grow up in 50 mm; water seal and water seal depth of not less than 50 mm back; sewage discharge test of the dilution rate of not less than 100 times. Second, pipeline capacity, the four specimens all out of toilet, and by 5 meters in horizontal pipe into the sewage riser, but it should be 12 meters out. Also, the water tank fittings, the control mechanism to stabilize a reliable, easy to operate, easily and without jamming; inlet valve of the strength and sealing performance should be "low toilet tank fittings Building Materials Industry-standard "requirements set forth in First Grade; water at 0.05 MPa pressure, the water for less than 120 seconds; overflow must be higher than the effective work surface of 20 mm; inlet valve outlet should be higher than the overflow pipe 20 mm; drain valve should not have any leak; water tank 6 liters of water effectively, the drain valve of the water flow of not less than 2.0 liters per second; service life of more than 5 million.

Currently, the National Standardization Commission issued a "complete system of standard 6 liter toilet" is a national compulsory standards for products rinse water per wash cycle, less than Stool 6 liters. So, those currently on the market 5 liters, 4 liters or 2.7 liters of water to the toilet what can not reach a satisfactory flushing effect?

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Three-dimensional hot stamping technology is very different than the normal tipping, in addition to the formation of three-dimensional relief-like pattern, the at the plate, temperature control and pressure control are different.

Print Network HC Three-dimensional hot stamping technology is very different than the normal tipping, in addition to relief-like three-dimensional pattern formation, the at plate, temperature control and pressure control are different.

1, plate 1, version ordinary stamping
High-quality version is stamping stamping quality assurance, version ordinary stamping production is relatively simple, mainly photographic plate corrosion process technology and electronic engraving plate. Common Plate Is a copperplate or zincograph. Copperplate as fine texture, smooth surface, heat transfer performance, pressure resistant, easy deformation, is the mainstream version stamping. Etching using high-quality graphics can improve the stamping of the luster and clarity. The small number of some stamping, quality, less demanding Packaging Printing Products can be used when stamping zinc plate.

Photographic plate corrosion is a traditional production methods, the process is simple, low cost, low accuracy, mainly for text, broad-brush and the image quality less demanding. The electronic version of the sculpture produced in stamping performance of the image can be finer level of fine lines and uneven thickness of the graphic can be well reproduced, but the relatively high cost.

2, three-dimensional hot stamping Edition Three-dimensional version of the production of stamping stamping version of the same principle and common but complicated than the ordinary version, because it is necessary to form three-dimensional relief patterns, stamping version usually sunken, and level of change with depth, depth of Stamping version more than the average depth and precise. Currently the main use of the copper version of photo etching method. This method has the advantage of low-cost, simple process, but it only applies to flat gold foil, as three-dimensional difference and short service life, resistance to Indian power and India is only about 100,000, it is often used in some of the effects of less demanding relief Package Products.

Now widely used abroad, has carved brass version, with Scanners First stamping pattern to scan the data stored into the computer, and then through the computer and software control of three-dimensional carving, forming a rich three-dimensional images of the yin-level model gravure. Because it is computer controlled, can form very fine patterns, the performance of the minor part of the more desirable, up to one million anti-Indian forces over India, so it is suitable for production requirements of high quality, three-dimensional printing large gilt Yin gravure model. Of course, due to be equipped with high-end electronic engraving machine, scanner, computer and software engineers, etc., their production costs higher than the photo etching method. It is precisely because of its production complex, technically difficult, may well prevent some unscrupulous manufacturers counterfeiting, there is a certain security features. Therefore, it requires a number of high-quality forgery long version of live, tobacco and bag, wine bag, packaging and greeting cards and other health products, it is suitable for solid tipping. Previously, this version will need to go abroad stamping process, high cost, delivery is not timely, Design Effects are not satisfactory. Currently, domestic manufacturers have been able to process such a small amount of hot stamping Edition, effectively reduces the cost, especially processors communicate directly with the designers, to correctly understand the design intent, to get satisfactory results.

2, bottom mode relief Different from ordinary three-dimensional hot stamping hot stamping, general bronzing of the bottom plate is flat, does not require special production, while the three-dimensional stamping the bottom plate must correspond with the version of the Yang stamping die relief, that is the site of the sunken stamping Edition bottom plate should be raised, and raised the height and depth of stamping Edition sunken corresponding. End module production methods and bump letterpress imprint Yang model is the same as making relief, commonly used materials are plaster and fiberglass. If the use of gypsum required to complete the production of the machine, so the more complex process, replacement bottom plate of trouble, but the cost is low, and now more commonly used domestic. If you can use fiberglass model of pre-production version of the gilt, and with the production process of copperplate positioning holes to facilitate the replacement of positioning.

Bottom die stamping intaglio relief is to tie in to form three-dimensional relief pattern, which must correspond with the precision stamping version. However, tipping is different from the three-dimensional embossing embossing, stamping embossing most do not need heating, while the three-dimensional stamping must be heated to high temperatures. In stamping, the higher temperatures, hot stamping Edition expansion will occur, but the temperature of the bottom mold relief has remained unchanged, this will cause the end of die stamping and letterpress version of the non-matching, resulting in crushing the bottom mold or not stamping phenomenon. Therefore, the production of relief when the end of die stamping version of the expansion rate of full consideration, in order to produce accurate end-mode relief.

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1 July, light beverage manufacturing this one, Dongguan City, total sales of foreign-funded enterprises in China reached 4.8 billion yuan, an increase of 13.78%.

In addition, textile, garment manufacturing industry total sales of 4.06 billion yuan of domestic foreign-funded enterprises, up 47.6%; crafts, and other industries, total sales of 2.93 billion yuan of domestic foreign-funded enterprises, up by 8.78%.

From the municipal foreign trade bureau was informed that a ~ July Dongguan domestic transcripts revealed that in domestic goods category, closely associated with the daily domestic growth in the industry significantly.

Results

July Wan goods sold 13.75 billion yuan

According to latest figures Municipal Bureau of Foreign Trade, 1 July, total sales of domestic foreign-funded enterprises, Dongguan City, 83.85 billion yuan, down 13.8%, a decline of 9.3 percentage points lower than the exports, accounting for 30.0% of the total export in more than end of last year increased 2.7 percentage points.

The data, compared with the first half of the data, thin at best. Statistics show that in the first half, the city’s total sales of 70.1 billion yuan of domestic foreign-invested enterprises, accounting for 30.3% of total exports in more than end of last year increased by 3 percentage points.

However, a ~ July domestic sales performance and a ~ in June somewhat less surprising. Only in June month, the municipal government fought in the domestic market and guide enterprises to put on the outer Fair, Wan goods north and so a series of activities, the domestic market very active, such as the Dongguan Furniture – Wuhan summer trip to marketing activities, on-site contract reached 20.8 billion. Policies to stimulate domestic demand by the parties, in the first half, the city’s total retail sales of social consumer goods increased by 11.1%.

Variety

Wan hottest selling commodity products

“In the domestic goods category, closely associated with the daily domestic growth in the industry significantly.” Municipality have pointed out.

However, traditional export of furniture as a commodity, Dongguan, faced with domestic market, nor is it “the emperor no worries about his daughter marry.” Hua Wei Furniture International Group Co., Ltd. Zhang Mo, director of marketing, recently said that the logistics channel to make more smoothly, has plans to Xianghe, Chengdu and Suzhou three logistics bases. Logistics network in order to build accurate radiation domestic market, some enterprises have already made clear, Dongguan furniture planning.

As a pillar industry in Dongguan, the largest electronic information industry is also stepping up the pace of domestic extension. July 29th, Vice Mayor Tang Chi-kwong, the Eleventh China Dongguan International Computer Information Product Expo (hereinafter referred to as “electric Fair”), a press conference, said the highlight of this Expo is a domestic electricity.

Foreign

Small scale chopper optimistic attitude

Clock dial back two months ago. In the June 19, as the Delta Electronics Power Supply Co., Ltd. imports and exports manager of the land and Taiwan and Taiwan and once in the presence of Vice Minister of Commerce Jiang Zengwei face, listing the domestic market on the road encountered by the “stumbling block”; and yesterday, Lu sets the table on the domestic market has been optimistic and active Jin Xian.

Although foreign aggression have not yet retreated to Taiwan, overseas Chinese-tat and Dongguan City, as represented by foreign-funded enterprises have been on the road in the domestic market they have had some gains, and more tactical.

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In spite of moving past of the latest automobile designs, there are many aspects that might cause you to decide to keep on using your automobile. You have used your vehicle so much as well as for such a long time that you’ve got some type of relationship for it. Here are few aspects that could help make your car or truck well worth maintaining:

Sentimental value

Your car has been there in the most memorable moments of your life. It began the day your mom and dad tossed the car key to you as their gift on your 18th birthday. Your car has been your reliable companion when you and your wife went on a cross country trip along with friends. The family bonding and fellowship you spent together anywhere, anytime via your hard-earned family vehicle increases your desire to keep your car through the years.

Gas productivity

Just before, when each quart of diesel powered gas price was consequently minimal, you didn’t take note of your current car’s gasoline intake efficiency. Nonetheless, it absolutely was during the series of oil price hikes and your cash flow impacted that you measured just how fuel-efficient your vehicle is actually.

Lower Servicing Expense

It is great that you had discovered earlier in regards to maintenance cost before finally choosing and buying your auto model. Most car dealerships don’t concentrate on giving the cost of maintenance of the model that you are buying during their product promotion, particularly when the vehicle which you are getting will be from the newest style or top of the line. Expect that most car salesperson would talk about traveling comfort and ease, protection, stability and also benefit.

Car longevity as well as trustworthiness

Checking on the sturdiness and trustworthiness of the unit that you are buying is always a must when buying your dream vehicle. Taking time to conduct careful evaluation would mean a lot to owning a car for long years.

Naturally, there are other components that would make one keep his or her car. Whether it is a great Edmonton Dodge, the Vancouver Hyundai, or even Fiat 500 cars that you will be acquiring, it is smart to take into account properly the “keepsake” aspect.

Are you simply investing on a brand new model that you simply plan to use for at least a year then buy a new when another brand-new product comes up? Or have you been investing in a vehicle that you just feel may have an incredible effect in your own life for countless years, now and in the future?

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2010 1 1 against July 1, in accordance with national Car Emission regulations, China will start heavy and light vehicles State emission standards. Although there is uncertainty whether the final implementation, but it certainly came in response to the discharge upgrade, the domestic Engine Business plan ahead, to speed up launch of products to meet the state standards .

And 2008, the two mainstream State Line?? Pressure of Track And inline pump + EGR?? On the contrary, mainstream heavy Diesel engine Enterprises in the country routes are chosen in this line of high-pressure common rail + scr.

Heavy and light machine route different
"Select national currently available emission control technology, there are three routes, namely, SCR (selective catalytic reduction), EGR (exhaust gas recirculation) + DOC (oxidation catalyst) + POC (particulate catalytic oxidation reactor) and the EGR + DOC + DPF (particulate trap). while the SCR is currently the country with heavy vehicles Diesel engine The best option. "In the end of November 2009 organized by the China Automotive Industry Forum, the Guangxi Yuchai Engineering Research Institute, said Dr. Numerical Simulated.

EGR + DPF States has launched the China Heavy Truck Engine , 2010 business also officially released the annual meeting of the country technical routes on the basis of the common rail, taken after the SCR of the exhaust gas treatment, in order to achieve national emission standards.

Similarly, Weifang, the wood stakeholders also said that their country emission control technology will also use high-pressure common-rail line, + SCR route.

This, Numerical Simulated explained: "In for a long time, diesel fuel sulfur content will affect the emissions control technology the most important factor in route choice. SCR catalytic converter exhaust after-treatment system is the most reliable system, sulfur is relatively insensitive, and the lowest percentage of nitrogen dioxide emissions, on the vehicle's cooling system does not create additional burden on oil performance without special requirements. By contrast, DOC needs less sulfur 50ppm diesel; use POC method, nitrogen dioxide emissions to increase, and there appears a tendency to smoke intermittently, especially in the vehicle to accelerate the process. Meanwhile, EGR exhaust gas will increase Parts Corrosion and wear. "

Countries with heavy-duty diesel line "one-sided" model is different from the national light diesel line is very rich, mainly EGR + DOC, EGR + POC, and EGR + DPF of three. Dongfeng Chaoyang Diesel Engine has told Cao Xiaofeng, director of commercial vehicle journalists: "line of the existing technology research and development we are doing, because the cost of each method is different, different calibration schedule, technical route which does not determine access to government approval . Based on these factors, we can not ignore every line. At the same time, ensure that enterprises can do so at any time if necessary transformation. "

Kunming Yun Yong-Zhong Yang, General Manager within the Power Corporation also agrees to this: "Other technologies used diesel engine business line we also have. Technology can not only biased in favor of a route, if route choice error, it will lose market . "

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